ABSTRACT
Host genetic factors such as human leukocyte antigens [HLA] and non-HLA genes that are associated with the susceptibility to tuberculosis [TB] will serve as genetic markers to predispose or predetermine the development of the disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between particular HLA-typing class I and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Baghdad city. Blood samples were collected from one hundred patients; 50 samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis referred to the Chest and Respiratory Diseases Institute in Baghdad city and 50 samples from apparently healthy individuals. All samples were submitted to the lymphocytotoxicity test [NIH] and examined in Major Histocompatibility Laboratory in AL-Karama Hospital in Baghdad city. It was found that HLA [15] expression was significantly higher in recently infected patients with tuberculosis than in the controls [p < 0.01] and HLA-A [33] was significantly lower in those patients than the controls [p < 0.05]. HLA-A [1] was high significantly lower in historical TB patients than the controls [p < 0.01]. HLA-B [17] was significantly higher in recently infected patients with TB than the controls [p < 0.05], HLA-B[35] was high significantly lower in historical TB patients than the controls [P < 0.01]. This study concluded that frequencies of HLA-A [15], HLA-B [17], in recently diagnosed pulmonary TB patients were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The development of pulmonary tuberculosis infection is partly controlled by genetic factors. Sophisticated techniques such as [PCR] are needed for more assurance to verify this association. Further studies are required to investigate a possible relation between HLA-typing class II and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Iraq
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alleles , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Genes, MHC Class IABSTRACT
The present study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of short wave diathermy and ultrasound therapy for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis. All patients who referred to the Medical Rehabilitation Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Sadr Al-Qanat Center. The period of the study was from October 2004 to April 2005, total number of patients was 24 [9 male and 15 female]. Age range of patients was 42-70 years. Complete clinical and radiological examinations were achieved on all patients and referred to the Medical Rehabilitation Unit for physiotherapy. Short wave diathermy and ultrasound therapy were applied on all patients. Demographic distribution revealed that female gender, the ages more than 50 year, the weight with grade II obesity were the most affected. Clinical observations indicated that chronic and severe cases were the most obvious. The study revealed that deformity, muscle wasting, local inflammation, and effusion were recorded in most patients. Outcomes of treatment with short wave and ultrasound therapies were nearly equally regarding their well-effectiveness, patient's acceptance, and patient's improvement. It was concluded that the ultrasound therapy is more preferable than short wave diathermy in the management of oedema accompanying chronic knee osteoarthritis. Further cohort studies are required to evaluate the effects of these procedures on a large sample of patients